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This example compares population trends across countries using both a stacked area chart and a pie chart. The area chart displays population data from 1970 to 2022 across eight time periods, while the pie chart shows the 2022 population distribution. Both visualizations load CSV data via `d3.csv` and use D3’s `d3.stack`, `d3.area`, `d3.pie`, and `d3.arc` APIs. The code demonstrates rendering SVG elements with ordinal color scales and includes axis generation and legend creation.