Cranium, a minimalist MVC library, demonstrates a model-view-controller pattern where a model’s counter state updates a view’s rendered HTML through custom events and Underscore templating. The code shows two controller-driven interactions—an increment button and an alert button—plus a separate todo model with checkbox toggling that re-renders the view. Using Cranium’s `Model.set`, `View.observe`, and `Controller` event bindings, it highlights how user actions trigger model changes, which in turn notify the view to update the DOM. The example also exercises Underscore utilities like `_.pluck` and `_.shuffle` on model collections.