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Tufte's : The map of soldier data visualization in war - Napoleon's Russian campaign

✓ Published0🌍 Public
NNita
Last edited Jun 17, 2025
Created on Jun 17, 2025

This interactive D3.js v7 visualization recreates Minard’s 1869 flow map of Napoleon’s 1812 Russian campaign, showing the army’s shrinking size through tan (advance) and black (retreat) bands whose width encodes troop numbers. It plots city markers with dates, river crossings, and a temperature chart, displaying tooltips on mouseover. The code uses `d3.csvParse` to load troop, city, and temperature data, then renders the map with SVG paths via `d3.area` and `d3.curveLinear`, while implementing custom mouseover handlers for the annotations.

AI-generated description

Minard's Visualization of Napoleon's Russian Campaign

Overview

This project is an interactive recreation of Charles Minard's famous 1869 flow map depicting Napoleon's disastrous Russian campaign of 1812-1813. The visualization shows how Napoleon's Grande Armée was reduced from 422,000 to only about 10,000 men during the campaign.

Features

  • Interactive visualization with tooltips showing troop sizes at different points
  • Temperature chart showing the harsh winter conditions during the retreat
  • Accurate geographic representation of the advance and retreat routes
  • City markers with historical dates
  • River crossings that were critical points in the campaign

Technology

  • HTML/CSS for layout and styling
  • D3.js v7 for data visualization
  • Responsive design that works on different screen sizes

Historical Significance

Minard's original visualization is considered one of the best statistical graphics ever created, combining six types of data in a single image:

  1. Size of army (width of the flow)
  2. Location/geography (map coordinates)
  3. Direction of movement (advancing or retreating)
  4. Temperature during retreat (bottom graph)
  5. Crossing points of rivers
  6. Time/dates of key events

Data Sources

The data is based on Minard's original chart with some adjustments for accuracy based on historical records.

Usage

Open index.html in a modern web browser to view the visualization.

MIT Licensed

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