"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------" " Atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ppm) derived from in situ air measurements " " at Mauna Loa, Observatory, Hawaii: Latitude 19.5°N Longitude 155.6°W Elevation 3397m " " Since December 2022 sampling has temporarily been relocated to MaunuaKea, Hawaii " " Latitude 19.8°N Longitude 155.5°W Elevation 4145m " " " " Source: R. F. Keeling, S. J. Walker, S. C. Piper and A. F. Bollenbacher " " Scripps CO2 Program ( http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu ) " " Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) " " University of California " " La Jolla, California USA 92093-0244 " " " " Status of data and correspondence: " " " " These data are subject to revision based on recalibration of standard gases. Questions " " about the data should be directed to Dr. Ralph Keeling (rkeeling@ucsd.edu), Stephen Walker" " (sjwalker@ucsd.edu) and Stephen Piper (scpiper@ucsd.edu), Scripps CO2 Program. " " " " Baseline data in this file through 03-Apr-2024 from archive dated 05-Apr-2024 13:23:37 " " " "-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------" " " " Please cite as: " " " " C. D. Keeling, S. C. Piper, R. B. Bacastow, M. Wahlen, T. P. Whorf, M. Heimann, and " " H. A. Meijer, Exchanges of atmospheric CO2 and 13CO2 with the terrestrial biosphere and " " oceans from 1978 to 2000. I. Global aspects, SIO Reference Series, No. 01-06, Scripps " " Institution of Oceanography, San Diego, 88 pages, 2001. " " " " If it is necessary to cite a peer-reviewed article, please cite as: " " " " C. D. Keeling, S. C. Piper, R. B. Bacastow, M. Wahlen, T. P. Whorf, M. Heimann, and " " H. A. Meijer, Atmospheric CO2 and 13CO2 exchange with the terrestrial biosphere and " " oceans from 1978 to 2000: observations and carbon cycle implications, pages 83-113, " " in "A History of Atmospheric CO2 and its effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems", " " editors, Ehleringer, J.R., T. E. Cerling, M. D. Dearing, Springer Verlag, " " New York, 2005. " " " "-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------" " " " The data file below contains 10 columns. Columns 1-4 give the dates in several redundant " " formats. Column 5 below gives monthly Mauna Loa CO2 concentrations in micro-mol CO2 per " " mole (ppm), reported on the 2012 SIO manometric mole fraction scale. This is the " " standard version of the data most often sought. The monthly values have been adjusted " " to 24:00 hours on the 15th of each month. Column 6 gives the same data after a seasonal " " adjustment to remove the quasi-regular seasonal cycle. The adjustment involves " " subtracting from the data a 4-harmonic fit with a linear gain factor. Column 7 is a " " smoothed version of the data generated from a stiff cubic spline function plus 4-harmonic " " functions with linear gain. Column 8 is the same smoothed version with the seasonal " " cycle removed. Column 9 is identical to Column 5 except that the missing values from " " Column 5 have been filled with values from Column 7. Column 10 is identical to Column 6 " " except missing values have been filled with values from Column 8. Missing values are " " denoted by -99.99 " " " " Column 11 is the 3-digit sampling station identifier. MLO refers to the Mauna Loa Observatory." " MKO refers the summit of nearby Maunakea. MKO data are used to a fill a gap created by the 2022" " eruption of Mauna Loa, which led to the shutdown measurements by the Scripps CO2 program at MLO" " from Dec 2022 through Feb 2023" " " " CO2 concentrations are measured on the '12' calibration scale " " "

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