A horizontal bar chart displays population data for ten countries in 2020, loaded from a CSV file hosted on GitHub. The React app uses a custom hook with `d3.csv` to fetch and parse the data, storing it in state. SVG rendering builds the visualization from reusable components: `AxisBottom` creates the linear population scale, `AxisLeft` labels the categorical country bands, and `Marks` draws rectangles using `scaleBand` and `scaleLinear`. The chart updates upon data loading.